The String class provides several methods for comparing strings. When a comparison is made between strings, the compiler compares the numbers of the objects, because each letter is represented by a number.
Comparisons with the equality operator (==) are used to compare values of primitive types; the result is true if both values are identical. If references are compared with the equal sign (==), the result is true if the two references indicate the same object in memory.
At other hand, .equals () is a method of the Object class, which compares the values of the literals stored by objects, so this method should be used to compare the literal values of type String variables.
// These two have the same value new String("test").equals("test") // Returns true //... but they are not the same object new String ( "test") == "test" // Returns false //... Neither are these new String("test") == new String("test") // Returns false //... But these are because literals are interned by // the compiler and thus refer to the same object "test" == "test" // Returns true //... But you shouldnt really just call Objects.equals () Objects.equals("test",new String("test")) // Returns true Objects.equals(null,"test") // Returns false
Going a bit beyond the exact comparison of Strings, we have other interesting forms of comparison:
System.out.println("STR".equalsIgnoreCase("str")); //Returns true
System.out.println("STR ### ###"contains("STR").); // Returns true
System.out.println ("str1".compareTo("str2")); //Returns -1 because "str1" is smaller "str2" or System.out.println("str1".compareToIgnoreCase("STR2")); //Returns -1, Ignoring the capitalization
The compareTo method returns:
1 if the first String is bigger than the second
0 if they are equal
-1 if the first String is smaller than the second
System.out.println("str1".startsWith("str")); //Returns true, because "str1" begins with "str"
System.out.println("str1".endsWith("r1")); // Returns true because "str1" ends with "r1"
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